MEDICAL

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HOPE

"Hope is the companion of power, and the mother of
success; for who so hopes strongly, has within him the gift of miracles."--
Samuel Smiles

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MESOTHELIOMA

Malignant Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a cancer of the cells that make up the lining around
the outside of the lungs and inside of the ribs (pleura), or around the abdominal
organs (peritoneum). There are also rare instances of malignant mesotheliomas
in other areas of the body.

Malignant mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos,
is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the sac lining the chest, the
lining of the abdominal cavity, or the lining around the heart. Malignant mesothelioma
is an uncommon cancer that is difficult to diagnose and poorly responsive to
therapy. Malignant mesothelioma is the most serious of all asbestos-related
diseases.

Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the cells that make up the pleura or lining
around the outside of the lungs and inside of the ribs. The only known cause
of mesothelioma is previous exposure to asbestos fibers, including chrysotile,
amosite or crocidolite. This exposure is likely to have happened twenty or more
years before the mesothelioma becomes evident, since it takes many years for
the disease to "incubate." It is the most common type of mesothelioma,
accounting for about 75% of all cases.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma, or abdominal mesothelioma is found in the abdomen in
a thin membrane called the peritoneum. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rapidly
fatal primary peritoneal malignancy with an average survival time of less than
1 year, mainly because there is no effective treatment. Peritoneal mesothelioma
is a tumor of this periotneal membrane. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma
include abdominal swelling, loss of appetite, and weakness. The only known cause
to this disease is exposure to asbestos. Periotneal mesothelioma take years
to develop, and the exposure is likely to have taken place 20 or more years
ago. This type of mesothelioma is the less common and is found in less than
25% of all mesothelioma cases. Like pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma
can be either benign or malignant.

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma remains a difficult tumor to treat, much less
cure. Currently, the best chance for long-term survival lies with early diagnosis
and aggressive surgical extirpation, but given the typically long delay between
the onset of symptoms and diagnosis, this is only possible with a high index
of suspicion and an aggressive diagnosis workup. Early referral to a tertiary
center experienced in the treatment of MPM may be important for several reasons:
(1) decreased risk of tumor spread along multiple thoracenesis/biopsy tracts,
(2) the availability of specialized pathologic assays for definitive diagnosis,
(3) the availability of critical staging modalities (aggressive mediastinoscopy
+/- thoracoscopy, MRI scans performed according to specific mesothelioma protocols,
and perhaps PET scans), (4) surgical experience with pleurectomy/decortication
and/or extrapleural pneumonectomy, that may decrease morbidity and mortality,
and (5) the availability of novel adjuvant protocols. Single-modality therapy
is unlikely to result in long-term survival. Aggressive surgery is required
for optimal debulking, and extrapleural pneumonectomy may offer better local
control compared with pleurectomy/ecortication. Delivery of optimal radiation
schedules, which may involve large fractions as well as large total doses, is
limited by the presence of nearby dose-limiting structures. Current chemotherapy
is severely lacking in producing objective responses and improved survival although
gemcitabine and IL-2 may be active agents to be combined with radiation and/or
other agents. Hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, intracavitary therapy, and
gene therapy are all relatively new techniques under active investigation that
should be supported by enrollment in on-going protocols. Predictably, many of
these techniques provide greater benefit when used in the setting of adjuvant
protocols or minimal residual disease, emphasizing the importance of multimodality
therapy.

LUNG CANCER

What is cancer of the lung?

How common is lung cancer?

What causes lung cancer?

What are the types of lung cancer?

What are the signs and symptoms of lung cancer?

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

What is staging of lung cancer?

How is lung cancer treated?

What is the prognosis (outcome) of lung cancer?

How can lung cancer be prevented?

Lung Cancer At A Glance

Related lung cancer articles:

Lung cancer - on WebMD

Lung cancer - on eMedicineHealth

What is cancer of the lung?

Cancer of the lung, like all cancers, results from an abnormality in the body's
basic unit of life, the cell. Normally, the body maintains a system of checks
and balances on cell growth so that cells divide to produce new cells only when
needed. Disruption of this system of checks and balances on cell growth results
in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that eventually forms
a mass known as a tumor.

Tumors can be benign or malignant; when we speak of "cancer," we refer
to those tumors that are considered malignant. Benign tumors can usually be
removed and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, on the
other hand, grow aggressively and invade other tissues of the body, allowing
entry of tumor cells into the bloodstream or lymphatic system which spread the
tumor to other sites in the body. This process of spread is termed metastasis;
the areas of tumor growth at these distant sites are called metastases. Since
lung cancer tends to spread, or metastasize, very early in its course, it is
a very life-threatening cancer and one of the most difficult cancers to treat.
While lung cancer can spread to any organ in the body, certain organsparticularly
the adrenal glands, liver, brain, and bone are the most common sites for lung
cancer metastasis.

The lung is also a very common site for metastasis from tumors in other parts
of the body. Tumor metastases are made up of the same type of cells as the original,
or primary, tumor. For example, if prostate cancer spreads via the bloodstream
to the lungs, it is metastatic prostate cancer in the lung and is not lung cancer.

The principal function of the lungs is the exchange of gases between the air
we breathe and the blood. Through the lung, carbon dioxide is removed from the
body and oxygen from inspired air enters the bloodstream. The right lung has
three lobes, while the left lung is divided into two lobes and a small structure
called the lingula that is the equivalent of the middle lobe. The major airways
entering the lungs are the bronchi, which arise from the trachea. The bronchi
branch into progressively smaller airways called bronchioles that end in tiny
sacs known as alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The lungs and chest wall are
covered with a thin layer of tissue called the pleura.

Lung cancers can arise in any part of the lung, and 90%-95% of cancers of the
lung are thought to arise from the epithelial, or lining cells of the larger
and smaller airways (bronchi and bronchioles); for this reason, lung cancers
are sometimes called bronchogenic carcinomas or bronchogenic cancers. Cancers
can also arise from the pleura (the thin layer of tissue that surrounds the
lungs), called mesotheliomas, or rarely from supporting tissues within the lungs,
for example, blood vessels.

Definition of lung cancer: Cancer that forms in
tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main
types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types
are diagnosed based on how the cells look under a microscope.

LAW FIRMS

Welcome to the law firm of Paul & Hanley LLP, and thank you for your interest
in our legal services. Our law practice is a plaintiffs only law firm with expertise
in complex personal injury and wrongful death litigation involving mesothelioma,
benzene, beryllium, lead, manganese, asbestos, and others. We are nationally
recognized trial lawyers with offices located throughout California, including
Berkeley, Westlake Village (Los Angeles), San Francisco, and San Diego.
Our attorneys handle cases in courts throughout California, Nevada, Arizona,
and across the United States.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mesothelioma or have been affected
by exposure to benzene, beryllium, manganese, asbestos, and other toxic substances,
our trial lawyers can help. Finding the right legal representation is likely
weighing heavily on your mind. Here you will find helpful information about
mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other treatment options that we hope will answer
many of your questions during this difficult time. You'll also learn more about
our firm, and the exceptional and highly experienced attorneys of
Paul & Hanley LLP, that fight to win for victims of mesothelioma cancer.

Paul & Hanley LLP, has an outstanding track record of success in cases across
the country,Malignant Mesothelioma, California Mesothelioma Lawyers, California
Mesothelioma Attorneys, Mesothelioma Law Firm, Pleural mesothelioma. and our
lawyers are known for their honesty, integrity and compassion. We've built our
reputation on mesothelioma-asbestos litigation-representing individuals diagnosed
with mesothelioma or serious asbestos-related diseases with dignity and respect.
We handle a select number of cases at a time and represent workers and families
with the extra special attention required for the best possible outcome in each
case. We understand your case is unique, so we take the time to get to
know you and your family.

Search engine optimization (SEO)

Guide to Learning Search Engine Optimization

Learn how to rank in Google, Yahoo!, Microsoft, and other major search engines.

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the volume and
quality of traffic to a web site from search engines via "natural"
("organic" or "algorithmic") search results for targeted
keywords. Usually, the earlier a site is presented in the search results, or
the higher it "ranks", the more searchers will visit that site. SEO
can also target different kinds of search, including image search, local search,
and industry-specific vertical search engines.

As a marketing strategy for increasing a site's relevance, SEO considers how
search algorithms work and what people search for. SEO efforts may involve a
site's coding, presentation, and structure, as well as fixing problems that
could prevent search engine indexing programs from fully spidering a site. Other,
more noticeable efforts may include adding unique content to a site, ensuring
that content is easily indexed by search engine robots, and making the site
more appealing to users. Another class of techniques, known as black hat SEO
or spamdexing, use methods such as link farms and keyword stuffing that tend
to harm search engine user experience. Search engines look for sites that employ
these techniques and may remove them from their indexes.

The initialism "SEO" can also refer to "search engine optimizers",
a term adopted by an industry of consultants who carry out optimization projects
on behalf of clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in-house. Search
engine optimizers may offer SEO as a stand-alone service or as a part of a broader
marketing campaign. Because effective SEO may require changes to the HTML source
code of a site, SEO tactics may be incorporated into web site development and
design. The term "search engine friendly" may be used to describe
web site designs, menus, content management systems and shopping carts that
are easy to optimize.While many people consider SEO to be complicated I believe
that SEO is nothing but an extension of traditional marketing. Search engine
optimization consists of 9 main steps

1. market research

2. keyword research

3. on page optimization

4. site structure

5. link building

6. brand building

7. viral marketing

8. adjusting

9. staying up to date

Market Research

Do you have what it takes to compete in a market?

I recommend:using SEO for Firefox and searching on major search engines to
get an overview of how competitive a marketplace is.

The first step is to search the major search engines to see what types of websites
are ranking for words which you deem to be important. For example, if mostly
colleges, media, and government institutions are ranking for your most important
terms it may be difficult to rank for those types of queries. If, on the other
hand, the market is dominated by fairly average websites which are not strongly
established brands it may be a market worth persuing.

You can extend out the research you get from the search results by using the
SEO for Firefox extension with the Firefox browser. This places many marketing
data points right in the search results, and thus lets you see things like

- site age

- Google PageRank

- inbound link count

- if any governmental or educational sites link at their site

- if they are listed in major directories

- if bloggers link at their sites

Keyword Research

What keywords are people searching for?

I recommend:Using the SEO Book Keyword research tool to search for popular
and Long Tail keywords related to your industry. This tool cross references
Overture, the Google Keyword Tool, Wordtracker, and other popular keyword research
tools.

Keyword research tools are better at providing a qualitative measure than a
quantitative measure, so don't be surprised if actual traffic volumes vary greatly
from the numbers suggested by these tools. When in doubt you can also set up
a Google AdWords account to test the potential size of a market.

In addition to looking up search volumes for what keywords you think are important
also take the time to ask past customers how they found you, why they chose
you, and what issues were important to them in chosing you.

You can also get keyword ideas by doing things like

- checking your web analytics or server logs

- looking at page contents of competing websites

- looking through topical forums and community sites to see what issues people
frequently discuss

Site Structure

How should you structure your site?

I recommend:Before drafting content consider what keywords are your most important
and map out how to create pages to fit each important group of keywords within
your site theme and navigational structure based on

- market value

- logical breaks in market segmentation

- importance of ranking in building credibility / improving conversion rates

You may want to use an excel spreadsheet or some other program to help you
visualize your site structure.

Make sure

- your most important categories or pages are linked to sitewide

- you link to every page on your site from at least one other page on your site

- you use consistant anchor text in your navigation

- you link to other content pages (and expeically to action items) from within
the content area of your website

If you are uncertain how deep to make a portion of the site start by creating
a few high quality pages on the topic. Based on market feedback create more
pages in the sections that are most valuable to your business.

On Page Optimization

How should you structure your on page content?

I recommend:Using unique descriptive page titles play a crucial role in a successful
search engine optimization campaigns. Page titles appear in the search results,
and many people link to pages using the page title as their link anchor text.

If possible create hand crafted meta description tags which compliment the
page title by reinforcing your offer. If the relevant keywords for a page have
multiple formats it may make sense to help focus the meta description on versions
you did not use in the page title.

As far as page content goes, make sure you write for humans, but also use heading
tags to help break up the content into logical sections which will improve the
scanability and help structure the document.

When possible, make sure your page content uses descriptive modifiers as well.

Each page also needs to be sufficiently unique from other pages on your site.
Do not let search engines index printer friendly versions of your content, or
other pages where content is duplicate or nearly duplicate.

Link Building

How do I build quality links?

I recommend:In this post Matt Cutts suggested that Google is getting better
at understanding link quality. Search engines want to count quality editorial
votes as links that help influence their relevancy algorithms.

Here are a few tips for building links

- submit your site to general directories likeDMOZ, the Yahoo! Directory, and
Business.com

- submit your site to relevant niche directories

- here is more background on directories and SEO

- if you have a local site submit to relevant local sites (like the local chamber
of commerce)

- join trade organizations

- get links from industry hub sites

- create content people would want to link at

- here is a list of 101 useful link building strategies

Other link building tips

- try to link to your most relevant page when getting links (don't point all
the links at your home page)

- mix your anchor text

- use Yahoo! Site Explorer and other tools to analyze top competing backlinks

- don't be afraid to link out to relevant high quality resources

Brand Building

How does brand relate to SEO?

I recommend:Brand related search queries tend to be some of the most targeted,
best converting, and most valuable keywords. As you gain mindshare people will
be more likely to search for your brand or keywords related to your brand.

A high volume of brand related search traffic may also be seen as a sign of
quality by major search engines.

If you build a strong brand when people search for more information about your
brand other websites will have good things to say about your brand, thus reinforcing
your brand image and improving your lead quality and conversion rates.

Things like advertising and community activity are easy ways to help improve
your brand exposure, but obviously branding is a lot more complicated than that.
One of my favorite books about branding is Rob Frankel's The Revenge of Brand
X.

Viral Marketing

How does viral marketing relate to SEO?

I recommend:Seth Godin's Purple Cow is a great book about being remarkable.
Links are nothing but a remark or citation.

Link building is probably the single hardest and most time consuming part of
an effective SEO campaign, largely because it requires influencing other people.

The beautiful thing about viral marketing is that creating one popularcompelling
idea can lead to thousands and thousands of unrequested links.

In SEO many people create content based around linking opportunities. Many
of us refer to this as Link Baiting.

You can learn link baiting tips from

- SEO Book

- Stuntdubl

- Performancing

- Copyblogger

- Wolf Howl

You can search social news or social bookmarking sites like Digg or Del.icio.us
to see what stories related to your topic became popular.

You can also hire Andy Hagans or SEOMoz to perform link baiting services.

Measuring Results

How can I tell if my SEO campaign is effective?

I recommend:The bottom line is what counts. Is your site generating more leads,
higher quality leads, or more sales?

Search engines lag market activity though, so it may take a while for them
to fully analyze how authoritative your site is after you work to target new
markets and build linkage data and brand value.

You can look at your server logsand an analytics program to track traffic trends
and what keywords lead to conversion.

Outside of traffic another good sign that you are on the right track is if
you see more websites asking questions or talking about you. If you start picking
up high quality unrequested links you might be near a Tipping Point to where
your marketing really starts to build on itself.

Depending on how competitive your marketplace is it may take anywhere froma
few weeks to a couple years to establish a strong market position.

In my SEO tools I also offer Google Gadgets, which make it easy for you toembed
keyword,competitive, and link research tools inside any webpage.

Keeping up to date

How do you track the changes in the SEO market?

recommend:You can track your ranking changes using this free keyword rank checker.
Remember that the perspective of only one site is probably not enough to understand
all the changing market dynamics though.

If you want to keep up with how the market is changing consider using any of
the following resources

- SEO Conferences

- SEO Blogs

- SEO Forums

TransUnion

TransUnion (full name Trans Union LLC) is a consumer credit reporting agency,
considered one of the "big three" agencies in the United States. Like
its main competitors, Experian and Equifax, it now markets its credit reports
directly to consumers, in addition to its core business of providing the reports
to potential creditors.

TransUnion was created in 1968 by Union Tank Car Company as their holding company.
Its credit business began with the purchase of Credit Bureau of Cook County
(CBCC) in 1969. Trans Union was built from acquisitions of major city credit
bureaus, with service agreements with local owners of bureaus which were not
for sale. Today it operates 250 offices in the U.S. and in 24 other countries.
It is based in Chicago, Illinois.

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